Metabolic - associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver ailment clinically, affecting over a quarter of the global population. In 2020, the International Fatty Liver Expert Group recommended renaming non - alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as MAFLD. MAFLD can progress to metabolic - associated steatohepatitis (MASH), leading to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), severely endangering human health.
In recent years, MAFLD incidence has been rising steadily in China. Epidemiological surveys in Shanghai, Beijing, etc., as per the "Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic - Associated (Non - Alcoholic) Fatty Liver Disease (2024 Edition)", show that the prevalence of MAFLD diagnosed by B - ultrasound in the general adult population increased from 15% to over 31% in a decade. Before the age of 50 - 55, the prevalence is higher in men; afterward, it grows faster in women and even exceeds that in men. MAFLD has become the leading cause of chronic liver disease in China, overtaking viral hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease.
Currently, there are no effective treatments or drugs to halt or reverse fatty liver. As the disease progresses, the risk of irreversible liver damage and the need for liver transplantation escalate significantly. Moreover, fatty liver patients have a higher risk of developing liver cancer.
Regarding research models for metabolic disorders, mice, as animal models, have metabolic mechanisms vastly different from those of humans, rendering them unsuitable as representative models for human metabolic diseases. Thus, due to a lack of proper research models, the study of fatty liver prevention and treatment methods faces formidable challenges in disease research and new drug development.
On February 23, 2023, the Hans Clevers team published a paper titled "Engineered human hepatocyte organoids enable CRISPR - based target discovery and drug screening for steatosis" in Nature Biotechnology. The study established a novel human fatty - liver organoid model and used it to elucidate drug responses. These organoid models and screening platforms will aid in testing and developing new drugs for fatty liver treatment and enhance our understanding of disease biology.
